Know the facts

Meningococcal disease can progress rapidly and be hard to diagnose.

Meningococcal disease is a rare but potentially devastating infection that can progress rapidly, causing serious disability or death within 24 hours.

It is caused by a bacterial infection of the blood and/or membranes that line the spinal cord and brain.

It can progress rapidly, beginning with symptoms such as fever and irritability that are easily mistaken for a common cold.

The distinctive meningococcal rash is an advanced symptom of blood infection, which may or may not occur.

Most children survive meningococcal disease, but if it is not diagnosed or treated quickly it can lead to serious long-term disability or death within 24 hours.

“I didn’t really know that this was a critical thing that she could have”

KNOW THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Early symptoms of meningococcal disease can be difficult to recognise as they may be similar to a cold or the flu.1,2

Common symptoms of meningococcal disease amongst babies and young children may include:

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High fever
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Refusal to eat
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Difficulty waking
or extreme tiredness
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Vomiting
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Pale, gray
or blotchy skin
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Cold hands and feet
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Sensitivity to light
In babies only
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High-pitched moaning cry
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A bulging fontanelle
(soft spot on top of the head)
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High fever
Image
Refusal to eat
Image
Difficulty waking
or extreme tiredness
Image
Vomiting
Image
Pale, gray
or blotchy skin
Image
Cold hands and feet
Image
Sensitivity to light
In babies only
Image
High-pitched
moaning cry
Image
A bulging fontanelle
(soft spot on top of the head)

Meningococcal disease can be deadly or have long-term consequences

While meningococcal disease is rare, it is potentially life threatening. Up to one in ten of those infected may die, and up to one in five may suffer serious long-term disabilities including brain damage, deafness or loss of limbs.1,3,4

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Up to 1 in 10 may die.1,4

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Up to 1 in 5 may have permanent disability.4

BABIES and young children are most at risk of meningococcal disease

Meningococcal disease can occur at any age. Babies less than 2 years of age are most at risk, followed by adolescents 15-19 years of age.5,6

THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE

There are multiple types (strains) of meningococcal bacteria. Globally, there are 6 strains that cause the majority of disease (A, B, C, W, X and Y).7 Currently in Australia, 3 strains cause the majority of disease (B, W and Y).5,6

Baby

In children under 5, the most common strains were B and W in 2021.6

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In adolescents, the most common strain was B, followed by W, in 2021.6

TREATMENT AND PREVENTION

Early recognition and treatment of meningococcal disease offers the best chance of recovery.

Good hygiene practices are important in helping to prevent the spread of germs. Vaccination may also be a good option to help prevent meningococcal disease.

DOWNLOAD MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE INFORMATION LEAFLET

DOCTOR'S TIPS TO PARENTS

Dr Starr: What parents need to know

Speak to your healthcare professional for more information on meningococcal disease and how you can help protect your family

FURTHER READING

References:

  • The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne. Meningococcal infection. https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Meningococcal_infection/ [accessed August 2023].
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Meningococcal Disease Signs and Symptoms. https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/about/symptoms.html [accessed August 2023].
  • World Health Organization. Meningitis key facts. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/meningitis [accessed August 2023].
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Meningococcal Disease Diagnosis, Treatment, and Complications. https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/about/diagnosis-treatment.html [accessed August 2023].
  • Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI). Australian Immunisation Handbook, Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care, Canberra, 2022. https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/contents/vaccine-preventable-diseases/meningococcal-disease [accessed August 2023].
  • Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care. Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme Annual Report 2021. https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/2A15CD097063EF40CA2587CE008354F1/$File/australian_meningococcal_surveillance_programme_annual_report_2021.pdf [accessed August 2023].
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Meningococcal Disease Causes and How It Spreads. https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/about/causes-transmission.html [accessed August 2023].